MySQL学习笔记（Day001-002：介绍和安装）

@(MySQL学习)

[TOC]

##一.MySQL版本选择

MySQL5.6以后的版本，推荐使用官方版本。
Percona：在5.6版本以后，MySQL将Percon之前优化集成到官方版本中;
MariaDB：无INNODB;且核心代码较老
MySQL在5.6以后不断重构源码，安装包越来越大，功能和性能在持续改进

二. MySQL官方网站介绍

官方网站：http://www.mysql.com

Developer Zone： MySQL开发工程师板块
- Articles： Oracle工程师自己的博客
- Plant MySQL：和MySQL相关从业人员的博客
- Bugs：MySQL BugList
- Worklog：开发记录
- Labs：MySQL实验性项目
Downloads：MySQL下载
- Enterprise：MySQL企业版本相关，略过
- Community：社区版，我们下载和使用社区版
  - MySQL Community Server：MySQL Server
  - MySQL Fabric : 和管理相关的工具
  - MySQL Router：路由中间件
  - MySQL Utilities：MySQL应用程序包
  - MySQL Workbench：官方图型化管理界面
  - MySQL Proxy：MySQL代理。Alpha版本，不推荐
Documentation：MySQL文档
- 官方文档版面更改，下载离线文档在左侧Menu的下面
  - PDF A4
  - EPUB
  - HTML

三. MySQL下载

推荐下载Linux-Generic版本
Source Code版本主要作用是为了让开发人员研究源码使用，自己编译对性能提升不明显
不推荐Version 5.5.X，有部分bug
推荐使用Version 5.6.X和Version 5.7.X

下载地址：
MySQL Community Server 5.7.9 Linux Generic x86-64bit
MySQL Community Server 5.6.27 Linux Generic x86-64bit

四. MySQL安装

安装通用步骤：
- 解压缩mysql-VERSION-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
- 打开INSTALL_BINARY 文件，按照shell>开头的步骤进行操作
- 将export PATH=/安装路径/mysql/bin:$PATH添加到/etc/profile
- chkconfig mysqld on或者chkconfig mysqld.server on视你的环境而定，详细步骤如下

MySQL 5.6.X 安装：

shell> yum install libaio # Debain系用户:apt-get install libaio1
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

MySQL 5.7.X 安装

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files
shell> chmod 770 mysql-files
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql #该步骤中会产生零时
                                            #root@localhost密码
                                            #需要自己记录下来
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup          
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data mysql-files
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

验证安装
- data目录在安装之前是空目录，安装完成后应该有ibXXX等文件
- 安装过程中输出的信息中，不应该含有ERROR信息，错误信息默认会写入到$HOSTNAME.err的文件中
- 通过bin/mysql命令（5.7.X含有零时密码）可以正常登录
MySQL启动
- mysqld_safe --user=mysql & 即可启动，mysqld_safe是一个守护mysqld进程的脚本程序，旨在mysqld意外停止时，可以重启mysqld进程
- 也可以通过INSTALL_BINARRY中的的步骤，使用/etc/init.d/mysql.server start进行启动（启动脚本以你复制的实际名字为准，通常改名为mysqld,即/etc/init.d/mysqld start）

五. 附录

姜老师的配置文件my.cnf

[client]
user=david
password=88888888

[mysqld]
########basic settings########
server-id = 11 
port = 3306
user = mysql
bind_address = 10.166.224.32   #根据实际情况修改
autocommit = 0   #5.6.X安装时，需要注释掉，安装完成后再打开
character_set_server=utf8mb4
skip_name_resolve = 1
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql_data      #根据实际情况修改,建议和程序分离存放
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
join_buffer_size = 134217728
tmp_table_size = 67108864
tmpdir = /tmp
max_allowed_packet = 16777216
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
read_buffer_size = 16777216
read_rnd_buffer_size = 33554432
sort_buffer_size = 33554432
########log settings########
log_error = error.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
expire_logs_days = 90
long_query_time = 2
min_examined_row_limit = 100
########replication settings########
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
log_bin = bin.log
sync_binlog = 1
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
log_slave_updates
binlog_format = row 
relay_log = relay.log
relay_log_recovery = 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
########innodb settings########
innodb_page_size = 8192
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G    #根据实际情况修改
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_file_format = Barracuda
innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /redolog/  #根据实际情况修改
innodb_undo_directory = /undolog/      #根据实际情况修改
innodb_undo_logs = 128
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
innodb_flush_neighbors = 1
innodb_log_file_size = 4G               #根据实际情况修改
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_large_prefix = 1
innodb_thread_concurrency = 64
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_strict_mode = 1
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864 
########semi sync replication settings########
plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin      #根据实际情况修改
plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000

[mysqld-5.7]
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
log_timestamps=system
transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32
show_compatibility_56=on

几个重要的参数配置和说明
- innodb_log_file_size = 4G :做实验可以更改的小点，线上环境推荐用4G，以前5.5和5.1等版本之所以官方给的值很小，是因为太大后有bug，现在bug已经修复
- innodb_undo_logs = 128和innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3建议在安装之前就确定好该值，后续修改比较麻烦
- [mysqld]，[mysqld-5.7]这种tag表明了下面的配置在什么版本下才生效,[mysqld]下均生效
- autocommit,这个参数在5.5.X以后才有，安装5.6.X的时候要注意先把该参数注释掉，等安装完成后，再行打开, 5.7.X无需预先注释
- datadir, innodb_log_group_home_dir, innodb_undo_directory一定要注意他的权限是 mysql:mysql